Prepalene X is a colloidal dispersion of titanium phosphate (Jernstedt salts) with a specific particle size distribution. In the activation stage, these colloids adsorb onto the metal surface, creating a multitude of nucleation sites. This drastically increases the nucleation density for the subsequent phosphating reaction. The result is a refinement of the phosphate crystal size, leading to a smoother coating with lower porosity and significantly improved paint adhesion.